Cleveland schools must desegregate
The Cleveland School District has been ordered by a federal court to consolidate its majority black secondary schools with historical white schools, ending a five-decade legal battle to desegregate schools in the 12,000-population city in north Mississippi
“Six decades after the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education declared that ‘separate but equal has no place’ in public schools, this decision serves as a reminder to districts that delaying desegregation obligations is both unacceptable and unconstitutional,” Deputy Assistant Attorney General Vanita Gupta, head of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division, said in a statement. “This victory creates new opportunities for the children of Cleveland to learn, play and thrive together. The court’s ruling will result in the immediate and effective desegregation of the district’s middle school and high school program for the first time in the district’s more than century-long history.”
The court rejected as unconstitutional two alternatives proposed by the school district, agreeing with the Justice Department that the only way to achieve desegregation is through consolidation.
In her ruling, U.S. District Judge Debra Brown also ordered the parties to submit a proposed timeline to implement the plan in such a way as to ensure the immediate termination of the school district’s dual system. She set the deadline for no later than 21 days from the entry of her opinion, which was issued Friday.
"The delay in desegregation has deprived generations of students of the constitutionally guaranteed right of an integrated education," Brown said in the 96-page opinion. "Although no court order can right these wrongs, it is the duty of the district to ensure that not one more student suffers under this burden."
Holmes Adams, attorney for the Bolivar County Board of Education, said Monday the board is still reviewing the opinion. He said the board will make a decision on whether to appeal after fully digesting the 96-page opinion.
Under the Justice Department’s plan approved by the court — which was developed in consultation with experts in school desegregation, school facilities, school financing and parent and community engagement — the district will consolidate the virtually all-black D.M. Smith Middle School with the historically white Margaret Green Junior High School. The district will also consolidate the virtually all-black East Side High School with the historically white Cleveland High School. Further, the district will review its existing educational programs and identify new programs for the consolidated schools, address staffing considerations and perform necessary maintenance and upgrades to facilities.
The Cleveland School District has about 3,700 students, with about 66 percent black, 30 percent white and 4 percent Asian or Hispanic.
The ruling follows years of collaborative work with the local community and private plaintiffs. Community members — from parents and faith leaders to former teachers and coaches — testified in court in 2012 and 2015. They described the stigma long associated with the district’s black schools and the sense among black children that white children attended better schools. During last May’s hearing, they testified that consolidation was the only way to bridge the divide and expressed a willingness to take the steps, however difficult, to secure equal educational opportunities for their children and grandchildren. Parents of all racial backgrounds testified that they want their children to learn in a diverse environment to prepare them to encounter the world today.
The approved plan commits the district to a path of full engagement with students, parents, educators and community stakeholders in implementing consolidation. Cleveland is a small Mississippi-Delta city of 12,000 residents, divided by railroad tracks that separate east from west as well as black from white. As one community member testified, “(w)e can break down this wall of racism that divides us and keeps us separated, and we could create a new culture in our school system that’s going to unite us and unite our whole city.” The Justice Department shares the sentiments of the court that “the district’s commitment to the education of its children will no doubt ensure that the gem that is Cleveland, along with its surrounding areas, only shine brighter as the shadows of segregation recede.”
Vanderbilt University Public Policy and Education professor Claire Smrekar, who was hired by the Department of Justice, said in an affidavit the proposed plan would create a consolidated, district-wide middle school using the existing East Side High School facility, and a consolidated, district-wide high school campus using the existing Cleveland High School and Margaret Green Junior High School facilities.
Ellis Turnage, a Cleveland attorney who worked with the Justice Department on the case, said things are still divided in Cleveland, with the railroad track being the dividing line. He said whites live on the west side and blacks live on the east side.
However, in the Mississippi Delta, he said more white students attend public school in Cleveland than other areas. He said it will be interesting to see if whites stay or leave the district if the secondary schools are consolidated.
Contact Jimmie E. Gates at 601-961-7212 or jgates@jackson.gannett.com. Follow @jgatesnews on Twitter.
